Kookaburra Kits

Kookaburra Kits represent an exclusive new small molecule detection platform developed by Sapphire Bioscience in Sydney, Australia. Some of the key attributes of these new kits are:

1. Simple and sensitive alkaline phosphatase tracers
2. 18 month stability of most kits and key reagents
3. Quick 2-hour incubation and development
4. Important assays like cAMP and cGMP for cell signalling
5. 8-isoprostane for oxidative stress
6. TXB₂ and 6-keto PGF_1α for thrombosis and hematology
7. PGE₂, LTB₄, LTC₄, and cysLT for inflammation/allergy

Assay	Description	Range	IC50	Detection Limit	Cross-Reactivity		Dilution	Incubation Time	Development Time
Cysteinyl Leukotriene	The leukotrienes (LTs) LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 are collectively referred to as cysteinyl-leukotrienes (cysLTs). LTC4 and LTD4 are potent mediators of asthma and hypersensitivity. They induce bronchoconstriction, increase microvascular permeability, and are vasoconstrictors of coronary arteries. CysLTs are excreted in urine as intact LTE4 (~9-12%) and LTE4 metabolites.	4.6-10,000 pg/ml	175 pg/ml	20 pg/ml	LTC4 100% LTD4 134% LTE4 121% LTC4 methyl ester 32% LTB4 <0.01% Arachidonic acid <0.01% Cysteine <0.01% Glutathione <0.01% LTD4 134% LTE4 121% LTC4 methyl ester 32%		3-fold	2 hours	60-90 minutes
Thromboxane B2	Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is produced from arachidonic acid by many cells and causes irreversible platelet aggregation and contraction of vascular and bronchial smooth muscle. TXA2 is rapidly hydrolyzed non-enzymatically to form TXB2, which is then quickly metabolized (t1/2 = 5-7 minutes) to urinary metabolites for clearance by the kidneys.	15.6-2,000 pg/ml	150 pg/ml	40 pg/ml	TXB2 100% TXB3 200% 2,3-dinor TXB2 9.90% 11-dehydro TXB3 0.62% PGD2 0.53% 11-dehydro TXB2 0.42% PGF2α 0.25% PGF1α 0.11% PGE2 0.09% 6-keto PGF1α 0.08% LTB4 <0.01% 2,3-dinor-6-keto PGF1α <0.01% 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2α <0.01% Tetranor PGEM <0.01% Tetranor PGFM <0.01%		2-fold	2 hours	60-90 minutes
Leukotriene B4	Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent mediator of inflammation synthesized from arachidonic acid by the combined action of 5-lipoxygenase and LTA4 hydrolase. It stimulates a number of leukocyte functions, including aggregation, stimulation of ion fluxes, enhancement of lysosomal enzyme release, superoxide anion production, chemotaxis, and chemokinesis.	2.3-5,000 pg/ml	286 pg/ml	63 pg/ml	Leukotriene B4 100% 20-hydroxy LTB4 2.70% 5,6-DiHETE 0.07% Glutathione <0.01% 20-carboxy LTB4 <0.01% LTC4 <0.01% LTD4 <0.01% 19(R)-hydroxy PGB2 <0.01%		2.5-fold	2 hours	60-90 minutes
cAMP	Adenosine 3',5' cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) is a ubiquitous cellular second messenger that is a critical component of a signal transduction pathway linking membrane receptors and their ligands to the activation of internal cellular enzymatic activity and gene expression. The abundance of cAMP within a given cell serves as a marker for activation by agonists acting at cell surface.	3.9-500 pmol/ml	40 pmol/ml	8 pmol/ml	Acetylated cAMP 100% cAMP 3% Dibutyryl cAMP 0.80% Acetylated cGMP 0.05% AMP <0.01% ATP <0.01% cGMP <0.01% Acetylated adenosine <0.01% Acetylated AMP <0.01% Acetylated cytidine <0.01% Acetylated guanosine <0.01% Acetylated uridine <0.01%		3-fold	2 hours	60-90 minutes
cGMP	Guanosine 3',5' cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) is a key intracellular second messenger molecule which transduces cellular signaling events in response to a variety of hormones, autacoids and drugs. The abundance of cGMP within a given cell serves as a marker for activation by agonists acting through particulate guanylate cyclase at the cell surface, or intracellular activation of soluble guanylate cyclase by nitric oxide.	0.1-300 pmol/ml	3 pmol/ml	0.7 pmol/ml	Acetylated cGMP 100% cGMP 9% Dibutyryl cGMP 0.80% Acetylated cAMP 0.05% cAMP <0.01% AMP <0.01% ATP <0.01% Acetylated adenosine <0.01% Acetylated AMP <0.01% Acetylated cytidine <0.01% Acetylated guanosine <0.01% Acetylated uridine <0.01%		3-fold	2 hours	60-90 minutes
Prostaglandin E2	Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is one of the primary cyclooxygenase (COX) products of arachidonic acid metabolism and one of the most widely investigated PGs. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation. The effects of PGE2 are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.	31.3-4,000 pg/ml	334 pg/ml	80 pg/ml	PGE2 100% PGE2 Ethanolamide 100% PGE3 43.00% 8-iso PGE2 37.40% PGE1 18.70% 6-keto PGF1α 1.00% 8-iso PGF2α 0.25% PGA1 <0.01% PGA2 <0.01% PGA3 <0.01% PGB1 <0.01% PGB2 <0.01% PGD2 <0.01% 15-keto PGE2 <0.01% PGF1α <0.01% PGF2α <0.01% 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2α <0.01% PGF3α <0.01% TXB2 <0.01% Tetranor PGEM <0.01% Tetranor PGFM <0.01%		2-fold	2 hours	60-90 minutes
6-keto Prostaglandin F1α	Prostacyclin (Prostaglandin I2; PGI2) is formed from arachidonic acid primarily by the vascular endothelium and renal cortex. It is a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation. PGI2 is non-enzymatically hydrated to 6-keto PGF1α (t1/2 = 2-3 minutes), and then quickly converted to the major metabolite, 2,3-dinor-6-keto PGF1α (t1/2 = 30 minutes) and excreted in the urine.	2.3-5,000 pg/ml	222 pg/ml	22 pg/ml	6-keto PGF1α 100% 6-keto PGE1 151% PGF1α 11% 2,3-dinor-6-keto PGF1α 5% 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF1α 3% PGE2 2% 6,15-diketo-13,14-dihydro PGF1α 2% PGF2α 0.40% TXB2 0.05% PGD2 <0.01% Tetranor PGEM <0.01% Tetranor PGFM <0.01%		3-fold	2 hours	60-90 minutes
8-Isoprostane	8-isoprostane (8-iso PGF2α) is the most studied member of the isoprostane family of eicosanoids produced by the random oxidation of tissue phospholipids by oxygen radicals. 8-iso PGF2α appears in the plasma and urine under normal conditions and is elevated by oxidative stress.	1.4-3,000 pg/ml	103 pg/ml	18 pg/ml	8-Isoprostane 100% 8-iso PGF3α 20.55% 2,3-dinor-8-iso PGF2α 4.00% 8-iso PGE2 1.84% 2,3-dinor-8-iso PGF1α 1.70% PGF1α 0.71% PGF3α 0.66% PGE1 0.39% PGD2 0.16% 6-keto PGF1α 0.14% PGF2α 0.14% 2,3-dinor-6-keto PGF1α 0.09% 8-iso PGF1β 0.08% TXB2 0.08% 11-dehydro TXB2 0.07% 11β-PGF2α 0.03% PGE2 0.02% 8-iso-15(R) PGF2α 0.02% 8,12-epi iPF2α-III 0.01% iPF2α-VI <0.01% 8,12-epi iPF2α-VI <0.01% 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2α <0.01% Tetranor PGEM <0.01% Tetranor PGFM <0.01%		3-fold	2 hours	60-90 minutes
Leukotriene E4	Leukotriene E4 (LTE4) is a product of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway in activated mast cells, eosinophils, and monocytes. LTA4, the primary 5-LO metabolite, is converted to LTC4 and sequentially to LTD4 and LTE4 in the host cell, or by transcellular metabolism in erythrocytes, platelets, or neutrophils. LTC4 and LTD4 are excreted in urine as intact LTE4 and LTE4 metabolites.	4.6-10,000 pg/ml	380 pg/ml	80 pg/ml	LTE4 100% LTE5 100% N-acetyl LTE4 20% LTC4 10% LTD4 7% LTC5 2% LTD5 <0.01% Arachidonic acid <0.01% Tetranor PGEM <0.01% Tetranor PGFM <0.01% LTB4 <0.01% LTB5 <0.01%		3-fold	2 hours	60-90 minutes
Prostaglandin F2α	Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is one of the five primary prostaglandins derived enzymatically directly from the endoperoxide PGH2 via the cyclooxygenase (COX) metabolic pathway. The majority of the functional roles ascribed to PGF2α relate to fertility, pregnancy, and parturition. PGF2α is a potent luteolytic agent and uterine stimulant, and is part of the cascade of myometrial stimulants which induce and sustain labor.	1.4-3,000 pg/ml	104 pg/ml	16 pg/ml	PGF2α Ethanolamide 244% PGF2α 100% PGF1α 61% PGF3α 21% 20-hydroxy PGF2α 5.30% PGE2 2.60% PGD2 1.20% 19(R)-hydroxy PGF2α 0.69% 11β-PGF2α 0.03% 6,15-diketo-13,14-dihydro PGF1α 0.02% 11-dehydro TXB2 <0.01%		3-fold	2 hours	60-90 minutes
Leukotriene C4	Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) is a potent mediator of asthma and hypersensitivity derived via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway in leukocytes, eosinophils, mast cells, and macrophages. It induces bronchoconstriction, increases microvascular permeability, and vasoconstriction of coronary arteries.	9.1-20,000 pg/ml	350 pg/ml	90 pg/ml	LTC4 100% LTC5 100% LTD5 48% LTD4 46% N-acetyl LTE4 28% LTE5 7% LTE4 2% Glutathione <0.01% LTB4 <0.01% LTB5 <0.01% Tetranor PGEM <0.01% Tetranor PGFM <0.01%		3-fold	2 hours	60-90 minutes